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good afternoon and

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um welcome to uh this month's SSE

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Community discussion hour my name is

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Mark Robin Lorraine I'm the secretary of

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the society for scientific exploration

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and I'm pleased to be the host for this

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afternoon session uh featuring Mark

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collado who is excuse me aerospace

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engineer with 40 years of experience in

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satellite imaging and related

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applications

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Mark received his PhD in electrical

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engineering from Carnegie Mellon in 1981

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and has written over a hundred technical

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papers and eight books outside of his

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occupation his journey as an independent

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scientist has taken him to Mars and back

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again Dr carlotto's first book The

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Martian enigmas describes a 10 year old

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investigation of the face and other

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unusual objects on Mars using shape from

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shading and other techniques to analyze

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the 3D structure of the face

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a second book the codonia controversy

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steps back from the science of the Mars

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investigation and examines it within the

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context of the centuries-old search for

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life beyond Earth and its possible

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implications

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his involvement in space related

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investigations continues to the present

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and is described in not of this world an

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emerging picture of the UFO phenomenon

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Dr collado's presentation today

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describes work related to his recent

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book before Atlantis in which he applies

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Charles half Good's theory of Earth

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crustal displacement to the

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interpretation of agent sites whose gen

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metrical and astronomical alignments are

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not currently well understood

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is a blog a website before atlantis.com

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is frequently updated with his latest

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research and I believe this also was a

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topic of a recent article that you

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published in the Journal of scientific

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exploration so without a do um uh Mark's

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talk is pre-recorded we'll play the

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recording which will last a little over

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half an hour and after the recording

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um Mark will be back and I will be

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hosting the Q a session so as the

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recording is going use the Q a uh button

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that shows in the right hand side of

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your screen to type in any questions

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that you have during the presentation

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and we'll take them at the end

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right thank you very much and we'll

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hello everybody

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um I'd like to give a presentation on a

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paper that was published uh this past

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spring

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um on a new uh theory of Earth crystal

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displacement

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um it's uh actually an old idea

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um

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that in many ways goes back uh to the

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early uh 20th century to wegner's work

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in um

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in developing a theory of of continental

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drift which later became known as plate

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tectonic theory

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um his his theory uh took many years to

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be uh verified actually wasn't until the

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1960s

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um

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but in the meantime others had suggested

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that besides uh continental drift plate

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tectonics there are other uh uh other

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phenomenon at work

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malankovic had proposed

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um the idea that there were changes

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taking place in the actual overall

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um movement of the crust which would

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result in changes in pole locations and

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he believed that this worked together

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with plate tectonics to maintain the

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Earth in a state of equilibrium

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and actually

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um you know we all uh or those that are

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familiar with uh Charles Hopkins work uh

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his book The Earth shifting Crest Crest

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published in 58. if you realize that a

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few years before that uh Morris Ewing

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and William Don who were involved

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actually in some of the early work in

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proving wegner's Theory uh seafloor

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spreading

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um and um and other evidence that you

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know took a number of years to to be

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developed um they actually proposed the

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theory of Ice Age is very similar to

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have Good's Theory uh in 58. so rather

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than get uh

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bogged out in a lot of the history and

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that's the Ellipsis there is to say

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there's there's been a lot of criticism

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of hapgood's theory and I'm not going to

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get into that here what I like to do is

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present sort of the new version of this

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and uh I think maybe it would be a good

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uh after the talk we could probably talk

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about some of the issues some of the

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so-called problems with it and uh how

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this new uh Theory these some new ideas

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that I proposed in the spring

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um may solve some of those problems

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theory is that basically boils down to

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over the last hundred thousand years he

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proposed through our three previous

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locations of the North Pole uh shown

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here see if the pointer works there we

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go uh previous location was Hudson Bay

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uh preceded by a location

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um near Norway in the Norwegian sea and

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then prior to that in the Yukon

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territory of Canada

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and his um hypothesis was based on uh

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climate data that seemed to indicate

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there was a correlation between uh

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glaciers and Ice Age events and um and

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and different at different times and he

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believed that these were correlated with

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shifts in the in the polls so rather

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than uh the current theory which is that

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there are Global changes in temperature

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um and other factors that cause is ages

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so hapka's desire to

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uh or his interest uh in the subject was

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really motivated by

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um his interest and his curiosity about

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climate change uh mine was a little

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different uh back a number of years ago

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I was planning a trip and you know we're

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all familiar here this is a an overhead

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image of the Giza Pyramids and we're all

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familiar with their alignment to the

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cardinal directions very accurately

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aligned in fact

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uh but I was going to Mexico and I

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noticed a lot of the structures in

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Mexico are not currently aligned and I

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um

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in doing a little bit of research uh it

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appeared that others had noticed that

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there was a correlation in for example

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the direction of teotawa Khan in North

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Mexico City

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and one of halfgood's polls in fact it

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was very closely aligned to one of his

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polls

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so here's um here's Taylor Khan here's

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the Meridian going through the Avenue of

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the Dead uh here's other meridians from

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other sites

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um here's Hopkins poll shown here

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in the with the H and um these other

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sites and this is uh something I'll go

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into in a bit uh using site alignments I

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was actually able to refine hapgut's

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poll and and and adjust it find a

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location that was pretty close uh and it

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turned out with by making these

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adjustments uh sites like teotawa Khan

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now appear to be aligned to to previous

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locations of the poll

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so I you know I wrote this up and I

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submitted it to uh the journal and uh I

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was all excited and they said you know

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wait a second you need to sort of

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approach this more systematically uh and

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I'm you know

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um it's so happy the peer review process

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is such a great process because

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they said you know basically you need to

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sort of take it a step at a time first

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show that there's an anomaly and then in

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within the context of that present your

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theory as as a solution

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um to it so the first step was to show

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that in analyzing sites uh across the

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world

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um archaeological sites

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uh looking at their alignment

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um you know I initially thought yeah

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probably most sites are aligned and

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known directions and there's only a few

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that sort of deviate

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um and you know if you look at some well

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here's some example sites for example

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anchor wat is aligned to the cardinal

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directions like the Giza Pyramids uh

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Karnak is aligned to the solstices uh

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the ziggurat of ER in um

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in Mesopotamia is aligned to lunar

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standstills

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um and uh co-care in uh Cambodia I think

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it is is aligned to Zenith passage uh

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Sunrise directions

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um

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it turned out if I looked at about 200

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224 sites and most had explanations but

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there was a significant number uh more

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than a third actually about 40 percent

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that had no conventional explanation so

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none of these explanations here we're

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looking at uh and also considered

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Stellar alignments

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alignments to other sites other

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geographical references

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um and so forth but uh about about 40

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so the second paper which was published

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uh this was in 2020 uh the second paper

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uh the first was published in the spring

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which identified and did the study

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identify this possible anomaly the

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second paper published in the summer

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presented this new model which I call a

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shifted pole alignment model which is

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um the idea that rather than reference

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everything to the current poll perhaps

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the Ancients uh had referenced

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alignments sites to uh previous

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locations of the North Pole so in other

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words different uh North was had been in

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different directions

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and um you know showing some of the

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sites here on the left these are

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meridians from sites uh that I had

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identified and uh correlated with four

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previous locations of the poll uh one in

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Hudson Bay near half Goods original

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location

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um uh two others in Greenland and Norway

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which kind of split his uh second pole

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and then the other poll I moved from

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UConn to the Bering Sea and again this

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these refined alignments uh were based

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on uh or these refined locations were

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based on looking at site alignments and

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correlating them basically intersecting

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these these these great circles that you

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see here doing this spherical

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trigonometry and figuring out where they

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where they intersect it

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so that was the second paper

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um and then um oh let me just also

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mention the fact that we're not just

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talking about Cardinal alignments uh you

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know I had noticed um you know here uh

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or we we noticed that uh you know now

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not all the sites aligned to the current

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pole are aligned cardinally but a lot of

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them are aligned to this to the sun and

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the moon so you know similarly uh

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uh with the polls we're in a different

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location and the Ancients followed

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similar practices you can imagine that

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they aligned you know way back when they

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aligned sites to the Moon and Sun but

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the solstice and uh lunar standstill

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directions were different because they

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were referenced to a different poll

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location so you know working out all the

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math and it's uh this is all described

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in these papers uh explains how this is

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done you come up with these alignment

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diagrams and um you know basically it

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allows you to determine you know where

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these directions were uh during previous

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00:12:11,750 --> 00:12:08,760
uh in previous eras where the North Pole

282
00:12:13,670 --> 00:12:11,760
was in you know different hypothesized

283
00:12:17,590 --> 00:12:13,680
locations of course none of this is

284
00:12:19,490 --> 00:12:17,600
prudent it's all uh it's all hypothesis

285
00:12:22,069 --> 00:12:19,500
so

286
00:12:24,069 --> 00:12:22,079
um with all that as as a bit of a

287
00:12:27,050 --> 00:12:24,079
preliminary uh

288
00:12:29,449 --> 00:12:27,060
discussion let me talk just go through

289
00:12:31,910 --> 00:12:29,459
the outline of the paper

290
00:12:34,130 --> 00:12:31,920
um I'm going to talk about global sea

291
00:12:36,710 --> 00:12:34,140
level malankovic cycles and linear

292
00:12:39,230 --> 00:12:36,720
prediction this is sort of this this I

293
00:12:42,470 --> 00:12:39,240
think uh sort of is the essence for what

294
00:12:44,569 --> 00:12:42,480
the problem in climate models are and I

295
00:12:46,910 --> 00:12:44,579
think where pole shifts fit in pole

296
00:12:49,910 --> 00:12:46,920
shifts being uh what I show here is

297
00:12:52,069 --> 00:12:49,920
possibly being The Missing Link

298
00:12:53,210 --> 00:12:52,079
um I then talk briefly about correlated

299
00:12:55,250 --> 00:12:53,220
events

300
00:12:58,670 --> 00:12:55,260
um Earth changes

301
00:13:01,310 --> 00:12:58,680
um uh that have uh taken place that

302
00:13:03,410 --> 00:13:01,320
could suggest a possible mechanism uh

303
00:13:06,230 --> 00:13:03,420
hapgood proposed that it was a buildup

304
00:13:08,750 --> 00:13:06,240
of ice that caused crustal displacements

305
00:13:10,509 --> 00:13:08,760
and Einstein and the forward to

306
00:13:14,090 --> 00:13:10,519
halfgood's book actually

307
00:13:16,009 --> 00:13:14,100
uh he uh was uh the opinion that it

308
00:13:19,009 --> 00:13:16,019
wasn't of sufficient Mass

309
00:13:24,050 --> 00:13:19,019
um and in this paper uh talk about here

310
00:13:28,790 --> 00:13:24,060
uh uh we did a little analysis using uh

311
00:13:32,030 --> 00:13:28,800
crustal uh models and Ice models to show

312
00:13:34,250 --> 00:13:32,040
um you know basically how uh ice would

313
00:13:36,949 --> 00:13:34,260
have affected the Earth's moments of

314
00:13:39,230 --> 00:13:36,959
inertia and so I come up here with what

315
00:13:40,970 --> 00:13:39,240
I call half good 2.0 which is a a

316
00:13:44,269 --> 00:13:40,980
refined version of the hapko's theory

317
00:13:46,129 --> 00:13:44,279
which is based on actually proposing a

318
00:13:47,329 --> 00:13:46,139
completely different mechanism and

319
00:13:48,710 --> 00:13:47,339
that's really the I think the

320
00:13:51,470 --> 00:13:48,720
contribution of the paper and I'll

321
00:13:55,250 --> 00:13:51,480
present some preliminary findings uh and

322
00:13:58,250 --> 00:13:55,260
summarize at the end so let me press on

323
00:14:01,009 --> 00:13:58,260
uh you know melanchovic Cycles are these

324
00:14:01,790 --> 00:14:01,019
Cycles where incident

325
00:14:04,129 --> 00:14:01,800
um

326
00:14:08,389 --> 00:14:04,139
uh solar radiation varies as a function

327
00:14:11,210 --> 00:14:08,399
of Earth's obliquity uh it's procession

328
00:14:13,430 --> 00:14:11,220
um the uh change in Earth's orbit uh

329
00:14:14,690 --> 00:14:13,440
around the Sun and other factors and

330
00:14:16,490 --> 00:14:14,700
there's been an attempt to try to

331
00:14:20,449 --> 00:14:16,500
correlate these with

332
00:14:22,850 --> 00:14:20,459
with measurements of uh of ice or sea

333
00:14:25,129 --> 00:14:22,860
level as sea level is really inversely

334
00:14:27,829 --> 00:14:25,139
related to the amount of Ice uh

335
00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:27,839
temperature uh atmospheric oxygen and

336
00:14:33,949 --> 00:14:30,240
other things

337
00:14:35,389 --> 00:14:33,959
so you know the basic idea right now in

338
00:14:36,350 --> 00:14:35,399
climate science is that the motion of

339
00:14:39,290 --> 00:14:36,360
the Sun

340
00:14:41,810 --> 00:14:39,300
Moon and Earth uh have something to do

341
00:14:44,750 --> 00:14:41,820
with the defining these melanchovic

342
00:14:47,689 --> 00:14:44,760
cycles that modulate the amount of solar

343
00:14:49,730 --> 00:14:47,699
radiation incident solar radiation and

344
00:14:51,949 --> 00:14:49,740
then this results in changes in global

345
00:14:54,650 --> 00:14:51,959
uh temperature sea level and polarize so

346
00:14:56,930 --> 00:14:54,660
that's the the current theory

347
00:15:00,470 --> 00:14:56,940
so Global sea level is sort of the key

348
00:15:04,189 --> 00:15:00,480
proxy the um as sea levels drop

349
00:15:06,230 --> 00:15:04,199
polarized increases and vice versa

350
00:15:11,689 --> 00:15:06,240
um and this is sea level data over the

351
00:15:11,699 --> 00:15:14,569
now

352
00:15:17,829 --> 00:15:15,350
um

353
00:15:21,170 --> 00:15:17,839
looking at sea level and other

354
00:15:23,509 --> 00:15:21,180
parameters Global parameters uh and I I

355
00:15:25,009 --> 00:15:23,519
won't go through all of them but uh sort

356
00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:25,019
of hitting on the key one here which is

357
00:15:30,350 --> 00:15:27,120
insulation because this is what you know

358
00:15:32,810 --> 00:15:30,360
comes from uh malankovic's Theory you

359
00:15:35,030 --> 00:15:32,820
notice that there seems to be some

360
00:15:38,210 --> 00:15:35,040
correlation there I mean in general

361
00:15:39,410 --> 00:15:38,220
though uh I mean insulation does appear

362
00:15:40,069 --> 00:15:39,420
to lead

363
00:15:42,949 --> 00:15:40,079
um

364
00:15:44,629 --> 00:15:42,959
uh sea level changes

365
00:15:46,490 --> 00:15:44,639
um and in some cases they're they're

366
00:15:48,170 --> 00:15:46,500
they line right up in other cases they

367
00:15:50,210 --> 00:15:48,180
don't in some cases there's a

368
00:15:51,949 --> 00:15:50,220
correlation in other cases uh there's no

369
00:15:53,389 --> 00:15:51,959
correlation at all

370
00:15:55,129 --> 00:15:53,399
um but there's something there's

371
00:15:57,230 --> 00:15:55,139
something going on there some some

372
00:15:59,629 --> 00:15:57,240
degree of correlation

373
00:16:02,090 --> 00:15:59,639
so I thought well uh being an electrical

374
00:16:04,970 --> 00:16:02,100
engineer I'm not a geologist or a

375
00:16:07,370 --> 00:16:04,980
climate scientist let me look uh look at

376
00:16:09,949 --> 00:16:07,380
the changes in sea level which turn out

377
00:16:12,829 --> 00:16:09,959
to be highly correlated

378
00:16:17,090 --> 00:16:12,839
um with insulation and construct a

379
00:16:18,949 --> 00:16:17,100
linear predictor which is uh here which

380
00:16:21,230 --> 00:16:18,959
is uh basically estimating sea level

381
00:16:24,110 --> 00:16:21,240
changes a function of insulation

382
00:16:26,810 --> 00:16:24,120
and then I just uh sum this up sum up

383
00:16:29,449 --> 00:16:26,820
the changes to give the estimate of

384
00:16:30,710 --> 00:16:29,459
global sea level and so

385
00:16:32,750 --> 00:16:30,720
um

386
00:16:36,650 --> 00:16:32,760
so this is the estimated Global sea

387
00:16:38,749 --> 00:16:36,660
level as a function of installation here

388
00:16:42,470 --> 00:16:38,759
and this is the actual Global sea level

389
00:16:44,930 --> 00:16:42,480
so it doesn't doesn't do a great job

390
00:16:47,030 --> 00:16:44,940
predicting it get some of the the

391
00:16:48,910 --> 00:16:47,040
undulations here

392
00:16:51,889 --> 00:16:48,920
but there's a big lot there's a big

393
00:16:55,249 --> 00:16:51,899
discrepancy in level

394
00:16:58,129 --> 00:16:55,259
If I subtract the two you get this

395
00:17:00,410 --> 00:16:58,139
which is very interesting this could be

396
00:17:03,110 --> 00:17:00,420
interpreted as

397
00:17:06,350 --> 00:17:03,120
um sort of two two regimes here one is a

398
00:17:09,530 --> 00:17:06,360
period from about 130 000 years ago to

399
00:17:12,350 --> 00:17:09,540
about 20 000 years ago where sea levels

400
00:17:16,490 --> 00:17:12,360
are dropping and Isis is accumulating

401
00:17:19,069 --> 00:17:16,500
and then after the last uh uh Global

402
00:17:21,650 --> 00:17:19,079
maximum about twenty thousand years ago

403
00:17:24,230 --> 00:17:21,660
the ice began begins to melt and sea

404
00:17:26,569 --> 00:17:24,240
levels rise so again this is the

405
00:17:28,669 --> 00:17:26,579
difference between insulin between

406
00:17:29,690 --> 00:17:28,679
Global sea level and what's predicted by

407
00:17:34,250 --> 00:17:29,700
insulation

408
00:17:35,930 --> 00:17:34,260
predict

409
00:17:38,990 --> 00:17:35,940
so Burger

410
00:17:41,210 --> 00:17:39,000
sort of hit on the problem it's you know

411
00:17:43,669 --> 00:17:41,220
the problem is not how to make ice

412
00:17:46,190 --> 00:17:43,679
in a warm world but how to get rid of it

413
00:17:50,630 --> 00:17:46,200
in an unusually cold world so it's like

414
00:17:52,430 --> 00:17:50,640
we're back here at the last glacial Max

415
00:17:55,610 --> 00:17:52,440
how did all this what caused all this

416
00:18:02,810 --> 00:17:58,310
well pole shifts can melt ice

417
00:18:04,909 --> 00:18:02,820
if we look at the polar regions for uh

418
00:18:07,250 --> 00:18:04,919
previous locations in the North Pole so

419
00:18:09,230 --> 00:18:07,260
this is um these locations would be the

420
00:18:13,070 --> 00:18:09,240
Hudson Bay the Greenland and the

421
00:18:16,370 --> 00:18:13,080
Norwegian sea they they actually pretty

422
00:18:19,970 --> 00:18:16,380
closely approximate the extent of the uh

423
00:18:22,490 --> 00:18:19,980
ice pack estimated ice pack at the time

424
00:18:24,350 --> 00:18:22,500
of the last glacial Max

425
00:18:27,350 --> 00:18:24,360
um and the references for this were this

426
00:18:29,210 --> 00:18:27,360
data come uh from his is in the is in

427
00:18:31,549 --> 00:18:29,220
the paper

428
00:18:33,529 --> 00:18:31,559
um and what's interesting is that one

429
00:18:35,870 --> 00:18:33,539
can imagine that if over this period of

430
00:18:38,510 --> 00:18:35,880
Time Ice was accumulating by the time

431
00:18:41,390 --> 00:18:38,520
you reached the lgm

432
00:18:43,490 --> 00:18:41,400
um it would be closely approximated by

433
00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:43,500
the union of these or the I should say

434
00:18:48,350 --> 00:18:45,360
yeah the the union of these of these

435
00:18:53,690 --> 00:18:50,270
um and so what could cause the eyes to

436
00:18:55,370 --> 00:18:53,700
melt is now if this uh situation were at

437
00:18:58,010 --> 00:18:55,380
the North Pole and then suddenly shifted

438
00:19:00,590 --> 00:18:58,020
South then all that ice would be shifted

439
00:19:02,510 --> 00:19:00,600
to lower latitude where insulation is

440
00:19:05,029 --> 00:19:02,520
greater and it would melt

441
00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:05,039
so pole shifts can melt ice it's sort of

442
00:19:09,350 --> 00:19:07,440
that non-linear factor that I think is

443
00:19:10,850 --> 00:19:09,360
needed in in these theories of climate

444
00:19:12,169 --> 00:19:10,860
change

445
00:19:13,730 --> 00:19:12,179
um but one that you know obviously

446
00:19:17,029 --> 00:19:13,740
climate scientists have been unwilling

447
00:19:20,450 --> 00:19:18,470
so

448
00:19:23,870 --> 00:19:20,460
um

449
00:19:27,529 --> 00:19:23,880
well does this actually work out well

450
00:19:29,690 --> 00:19:27,539
ice ice forms much more easily on land

451
00:19:30,830 --> 00:19:29,700
than it does on water particularly salt

452
00:19:33,770 --> 00:19:30,840
water

453
00:19:37,370 --> 00:19:33,780
um and uh so if you look at the land

454
00:19:40,850 --> 00:19:37,380
area at these hypothesized pole

455
00:19:42,529 --> 00:19:40,860
locations uh versus sea level

456
00:19:45,850 --> 00:19:42,539
we find there's actually a correlation

457
00:19:48,650 --> 00:19:45,860
so the amount of land so if if in fact

458
00:19:51,710 --> 00:19:48,660
the sea levels are dropping because ice

459
00:19:54,470 --> 00:19:51,720
is building up at these poles uh that

460
00:19:57,409 --> 00:19:54,480
would be uh explainable or consistent

461
00:20:00,350 --> 00:19:57,419
with the amount of

462
00:20:02,630 --> 00:20:00,360
you know ice form being formed uh being

463
00:20:04,850 --> 00:20:02,640
in proportion to the land area at those

464
00:20:06,529 --> 00:20:04,860
poles and it turns out that if we look

465
00:20:09,230 --> 00:20:06,539
at the sea level which is again

466
00:20:11,029 --> 00:20:09,240
inversely related to the amount of land

467
00:20:13,130 --> 00:20:11,039
um it's it's there's a pretty good

468
00:20:15,470 --> 00:20:13,140
degree of correlation it's you know 0.7

469
00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:15,480
is considered you know a strong

470
00:20:18,470 --> 00:20:17,520
correlation

471
00:20:22,490 --> 00:20:18,480
um

472
00:20:25,549 --> 00:20:22,500
that's r squared value uh between

473
00:20:27,950 --> 00:20:25,559
um land area at these hypothesized poles

474
00:20:30,890 --> 00:20:27,960
so this is the current pole the Bering

475
00:20:34,070 --> 00:20:30,900
Sea pole the Greenland the Norwegian Sea

476
00:20:36,830 --> 00:20:34,080
and the Hudson Bay Pole

477
00:20:40,150 --> 00:20:36,840
um so the Bering Sea pole was the poll

478
00:20:44,029 --> 00:20:40,160
just after the penultimate glacial Max

479
00:20:46,730 --> 00:20:44,039
as the current pole is the poll after

480
00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:46,740
the last glacial Max so these these are

481
00:20:51,049 --> 00:20:48,720
very similar

482
00:20:57,409 --> 00:20:55,070
so how do we get dates for these polls

483
00:20:59,750 --> 00:20:57,419
um you know have good cites a lot of

484
00:21:02,810 --> 00:20:59,760
climate data

485
00:21:06,470 --> 00:21:02,820
um a colleague of mine Mark Gaffney

486
00:21:10,610 --> 00:21:06,480
um did an analysis uh finding sources of

487
00:21:13,310 --> 00:21:10,620
mammal assembly Zone data in Britain

488
00:21:15,350 --> 00:21:13,320
um where basically these bone caves

489
00:21:18,289 --> 00:21:15,360
so-called bone caves

490
00:21:20,750 --> 00:21:18,299
um uh contain evidence of different um

491
00:21:22,789 --> 00:21:20,760
different mammoths uh I'm sorry

492
00:21:25,070 --> 00:21:22,799
different mammals

493
00:21:27,650 --> 00:21:25,080
um at different periods of time uh dated

494
00:21:30,529 --> 00:21:27,660
using you know uh stratigraphic

495
00:21:34,130 --> 00:21:30,539
information and

496
00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:34,140
what what what the data reveal is in one

497
00:21:38,810 --> 00:21:36,720
particular cave joint mittner

498
00:21:40,789 --> 00:21:38,820
um there was evidence of well not

499
00:21:43,070 --> 00:21:40,799
evidence there were there were fossil

500
00:21:46,370 --> 00:21:43,080
remains of hippopotamus and spotted

501
00:21:49,370 --> 00:21:46,380
hyena which are tropical or subtropical

502
00:21:53,210 --> 00:21:49,380
uh mammals

503
00:21:57,470 --> 00:21:53,220
um in bacon whole and other bone cave

504
00:21:59,690 --> 00:21:57,480
um they had Mammoth and bull uh fossils

505
00:22:03,110 --> 00:21:59,700
um at uh Banwell

506
00:22:06,409 --> 00:22:03,120
uh fossils of uh polar animals arctic

507
00:22:09,590 --> 00:22:06,419
fox reindeer and that uh these other

508
00:22:13,070 --> 00:22:09,600
caves here horses and and again woolly

509
00:22:15,669 --> 00:22:13,080
mammoth what's interesting is that these

510
00:22:17,510 --> 00:22:15,679
uh different uh

511
00:22:21,409 --> 00:22:17,520
mammals here

512
00:22:22,669 --> 00:22:21,419
are correlated with these uh these

513
00:22:28,130 --> 00:22:22,679
climate zones

514
00:22:31,190 --> 00:22:28,140
at the if um if we look at the location

515
00:22:33,529 --> 00:22:31,200
of these caves uh their latitude

516
00:22:36,470 --> 00:22:33,539
relative these poles notice how they

517
00:22:38,390 --> 00:22:36,480
track so Banwell

518
00:22:39,710 --> 00:22:38,400
um well let you know let's go through it

519
00:22:42,770 --> 00:22:39,720
systematically we start with the

520
00:22:47,450 --> 00:22:42,780
tropical uh the earliest one um Bering

521
00:22:50,029 --> 00:22:47,460
Sea The Joint mittner cave was at um 20

522
00:22:52,130 --> 00:22:50,039
degrees latitude relative to the Bering

523
00:22:54,470 --> 00:22:52,140
Sea pole so it was in the tropical Zone

524
00:22:57,250 --> 00:22:54,480
and then the with pole shift from Bering

525
00:23:02,510 --> 00:22:57,260
Sea to Greenland it shifted to temperate

526
00:23:06,950 --> 00:23:02,520
and uh so shifted to about 55 degrees

527
00:23:11,210 --> 00:23:06,960
um where these uh polar mammals are

528
00:23:14,330 --> 00:23:11,220
found at at uh Banwell over this period

529
00:23:19,250 --> 00:23:14,340
of time based again on our model uh the

530
00:23:21,529 --> 00:23:19,260
North Pole uh being in the Norwegian sea

531
00:23:25,190 --> 00:23:21,539
um this cave would have been at a

532
00:23:28,490 --> 00:23:25,200
latitude of about 75 degrees uh so you

533
00:23:30,770 --> 00:23:28,500
know very in the polar region and uh and

534
00:23:32,990 --> 00:23:30,780
so forth for and then it later came out

535
00:23:35,210 --> 00:23:33,000
of the polar region as the pole shifted

536
00:23:37,010 --> 00:23:35,220
to Hudson Bay into the Arctic so these

537
00:23:39,590 --> 00:23:37,020
these correlations

538
00:23:43,070 --> 00:23:39,600
um between latitude climate zone and

539
00:23:44,510 --> 00:23:43,080
these different uh uh mammal uh fossil

540
00:23:48,049 --> 00:23:44,520
remains

541
00:23:52,070 --> 00:23:48,059
um uh Mark Gaffney used to to come up

542
00:23:54,350 --> 00:23:52,080
with the dating of of these polls

543
00:23:56,149 --> 00:23:54,360
so that's that sort of establishes the

544
00:23:58,549 --> 00:23:56,159
chronology here

545
00:24:02,090 --> 00:23:58,559
um which is again not inconsistent with

546
00:24:03,710 --> 00:24:02,100
with with uh with half Goods work it

547
00:24:06,230 --> 00:24:03,720
just sort of fleshes it out and refines

548
00:24:09,470 --> 00:24:06,240
it a little a little bit what uh was

549
00:24:10,669 --> 00:24:09,480
interesting now is finding that if we

550
00:24:13,789 --> 00:24:10,679
look at

551
00:24:16,310 --> 00:24:13,799
um we put this up against uh the sea

552
00:24:17,930 --> 00:24:16,320
level changes and now start looking at

553
00:24:21,110 --> 00:24:17,940
okay what else was going on in the world

554
00:24:24,710 --> 00:24:21,120
in terms of things like

555
00:24:27,770 --> 00:24:24,720
um magnetic or geomagnetic events or uh

556
00:24:30,490 --> 00:24:27,780
volcanic events it turns out

557
00:24:34,730 --> 00:24:30,500
there's been a number of what are called

558
00:24:37,850 --> 00:24:34,740
uh geomagnetic excursions excursions are

559
00:24:39,470 --> 00:24:37,860
shorter term reversals of the uh of the

560
00:24:42,289 --> 00:24:39,480
geomagnetic poles

561
00:24:45,950 --> 00:24:42,299
um or periods where they become uh

562
00:24:47,870 --> 00:24:45,960
unstable or they go to zero uh but these

563
00:24:49,970 --> 00:24:47,880
last uh tens hundreds thousands of years

564
00:24:53,210 --> 00:24:49,980
as opposed to millions of years that

565
00:24:56,510 --> 00:24:53,220
occur uh you know much longer time frame

566
00:24:59,210 --> 00:24:56,520
with geomagnetic uh reversals so these

567
00:25:02,870 --> 00:24:59,220
are sort of micro scale uh in time

568
00:25:06,409 --> 00:25:02,880
events and these are four I show Here

569
00:25:09,350 --> 00:25:06,419
Blake Norway Greenland the champ ongo

570
00:25:11,930 --> 00:25:09,360
and Gutenberg uh five within the last

571
00:25:15,950 --> 00:25:11,940
you know 120 000 years or so

572
00:25:19,909 --> 00:25:15,960
follow me these events we have a number

573
00:25:23,090 --> 00:25:19,919
of uh super volcanic eruptions the tobo

574
00:25:26,210 --> 00:25:23,100
of eruption which is the largest one

575
00:25:28,789 --> 00:25:26,220
um uh over and you know I forget exact

576
00:25:32,570 --> 00:25:28,799
period of time but it's it was uh an

577
00:25:35,750 --> 00:25:32,580
enormous ve uh Aid volcanic explosivity

578
00:25:37,370 --> 00:25:35,760
in index eight event uh one of the

579
00:25:39,710 --> 00:25:37,380
largest that you know is thought to have

580
00:25:42,169 --> 00:25:39,720
been responsible for uh mass extinctions

581
00:25:46,850 --> 00:25:42,179
this closely follows the Greenland

582
00:25:48,409 --> 00:25:46,860
Norway uh hypothesized pole shift uh and

583
00:25:50,029 --> 00:25:48,419
you know notice that there's a change in

584
00:25:53,149 --> 00:25:50,039
sea level that takes place after this

585
00:25:55,970 --> 00:25:53,159
similarly you know I I glossed over the

586
00:25:58,669 --> 00:25:55,980
Blake there isn't a known

587
00:26:01,190 --> 00:25:58,679
um volcanic event after that but there's

588
00:26:04,310 --> 00:26:01,200
also a fall off there and we see similar

589
00:26:07,549 --> 00:26:04,320
ones occurring here here and here so it

590
00:26:10,789 --> 00:26:07,559
appears that there might be some sort of

591
00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:10,799
uh connection between pole shifts and

592
00:26:14,870 --> 00:26:13,440
these other things that are taking place

593
00:26:17,269 --> 00:26:14,880
so

594
00:26:21,169 --> 00:26:17,279
um you know to be to be cautious here

595
00:26:22,850 --> 00:26:21,179
correlation yes uh causation maybe

596
00:26:24,350 --> 00:26:22,860
mechanism

597
00:26:25,490 --> 00:26:24,360
um who knows

598
00:26:28,669 --> 00:26:25,500
um

599
00:26:30,769 --> 00:26:28,679
we don't know uh but the flow is

600
00:26:33,830 --> 00:26:30,779
something like or the hypothesis is

601
00:26:36,049 --> 00:26:33,840
something like a magnetic uh Excursion

602
00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:36,059
or magnetic event occurs

603
00:26:41,930 --> 00:26:38,640
that results in a pole shift

604
00:26:44,210 --> 00:26:41,940
that then induces uh changes that cause

605
00:26:46,370 --> 00:26:44,220
super volcanic eruptions

606
00:26:48,590 --> 00:26:46,380
that lead to glacial events not just

607
00:26:50,690 --> 00:26:48,600
climate changes but long-term events so

608
00:26:53,149 --> 00:26:50,700
not just a bunch of smoke going up in

609
00:26:54,590 --> 00:26:53,159
the atmosphere or dust that later abates

610
00:26:56,630 --> 00:26:54,600
and you know the temperatures come back

611
00:27:00,710 --> 00:26:56,640
to normal but something more permanent

612
00:27:03,890 --> 00:27:03,350
so if we look at

613
00:27:06,769 --> 00:27:03,900
um

614
00:27:08,810 --> 00:27:06,779
the Earth in a very simplified way in

615
00:27:10,789 --> 00:27:08,820
our magnetic field

616
00:27:11,510 --> 00:27:10,799
um the core field

617
00:27:14,090 --> 00:27:11,520
um

618
00:27:17,810 --> 00:27:14,100
uh can be modeled like uh you know the

619
00:27:21,490 --> 00:27:17,820
the the Thematic magnet magnetic lines

620
00:27:23,870 --> 00:27:21,500
from uh from a simple dipole bar magnet

621
00:27:25,610 --> 00:27:23,880
emanating at the North and coming back

622
00:27:27,529 --> 00:27:25,620
in the South

623
00:27:30,710 --> 00:27:27,539
um

624
00:27:33,950 --> 00:27:30,720
you know like the core field the the

625
00:27:36,830 --> 00:27:33,960
crust also has a field the um called the

626
00:27:38,390 --> 00:27:36,840
continental ferromagnetism and uh

627
00:27:41,210 --> 00:27:38,400
there's a North you know North Pole

628
00:27:43,490 --> 00:27:41,220
South Pole pair uh shown here

629
00:27:46,310 --> 00:27:43,500
um and it's you know it's different from

630
00:27:48,110 --> 00:27:46,320
the core field uh it's it's I mean it's

631
00:27:50,450 --> 00:27:48,120
similar but it's not exact

632
00:27:54,049 --> 00:27:50,460
it's not it's not uh completely

633
00:28:01,190 --> 00:27:59,269
so the the uh mechanism that um I

634
00:28:04,430 --> 00:28:01,200
suggest in the paper as a possible

635
00:28:07,370 --> 00:28:04,440
possible mechanism behind pole shifts is

636
00:28:11,330 --> 00:28:07,380
something like this that normally

637
00:28:12,830 --> 00:28:11,340
uh the crust and the mantle are locked

638
00:28:15,890 --> 00:28:12,840
together

639
00:28:17,930 --> 00:28:15,900
um in other words the uh the core field

640
00:28:21,649 --> 00:28:17,940
shown here

641
00:28:24,890 --> 00:28:21,659
that we saw earlier and the uh crustal

642
00:28:27,230 --> 00:28:24,900
field the Pharaoh Crystal paramagnetic

643
00:28:29,269 --> 00:28:27,240
field the lines

644
00:28:32,090 --> 00:28:29,279
um or flux are are in the same direction

645
00:28:35,090 --> 00:28:32,100
so everything is locked together

646
00:28:39,470 --> 00:28:35,100
um and the crust in effect uh sticks

647
00:28:43,310 --> 00:28:40,130
um

648
00:28:46,370 --> 00:28:43,320
now imagine a geomagnetic Excursion

649
00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:46,380
occurs with a with a core field flips

650
00:28:51,590 --> 00:28:49,440
so now it's going the opposite direction

651
00:28:54,049 --> 00:28:51,600
in this case now

652
00:28:56,890 --> 00:28:54,059
um this crust isn't stuck to the mantle

653
00:28:59,870 --> 00:28:56,900
but it could you know you know

654
00:29:02,510 --> 00:28:59,880
hypothetically move sort of like it

655
00:29:04,789 --> 00:29:02,520
could in some sense be floating to some

656
00:29:07,730 --> 00:29:04,799
degree over the mantle again this these

657
00:29:11,510 --> 00:29:07,740
are very preliminary qualitative uh

658
00:29:14,390 --> 00:29:11,520
ideas but the basic mechanism is you

659
00:29:17,149 --> 00:29:14,400
know you know is something that

660
00:29:20,450 --> 00:29:17,159
um you know presumably to some degree

661
00:29:21,169 --> 00:29:20,460
would uh occur if the

662
00:29:23,269 --> 00:29:21,179
um

663
00:29:25,070 --> 00:29:23,279
if the field reversed there would be a

664
00:29:26,750 --> 00:29:25,080
reduced

665
00:29:28,490 --> 00:29:26,760
um uh

666
00:29:30,950 --> 00:29:28,500
uh the friction between the crust and

667
00:29:34,070 --> 00:29:30,960
the mantle would be re reversed or

668
00:29:36,169 --> 00:29:34,080
reduced and in under these conditions

669
00:29:39,950 --> 00:29:36,179
it's possible that the crust could move

670
00:29:40,549 --> 00:29:39,960
more easily so you know we're half good

671
00:29:42,710 --> 00:29:40,559
um

672
00:29:44,450 --> 00:29:42,720
was looking at the idea of the crust

673
00:29:50,510 --> 00:29:44,460
moving

674
00:29:52,190 --> 00:29:50,520
crust uh you know torquing it so much

675
00:29:55,490 --> 00:29:52,200
that it would move it over the mantle as

676
00:29:58,310 --> 00:29:55,500
is we're postulating a situation where

677
00:30:01,310 --> 00:29:58,320
the the friction between the mandolin

678
00:30:04,250 --> 00:30:01,320
crust could be reduced and if that were

679
00:30:07,250 --> 00:30:04,260
the case and it could then move

680
00:30:09,769 --> 00:30:07,260
during these periods then perhaps

681
00:30:12,649 --> 00:30:09,779
uh changes could take place under these

682
00:30:15,470 --> 00:30:12,659
situations and then at a later time when

683
00:30:18,350 --> 00:30:15,480
the uh core field reversed back to the

684
00:30:19,570 --> 00:30:18,360
normal Direction the Crestwood once

685
00:30:22,970 --> 00:30:19,580
again become

686
00:30:25,970 --> 00:30:22,980
locked uh to the mantle

687
00:30:28,250 --> 00:30:25,980
and so that's just summarized uh in this

688
00:30:32,590 --> 00:30:30,769
so what could actually cause this to

689
00:30:37,250 --> 00:30:32,600
happen

690
00:30:40,310 --> 00:30:37,260
uh the the mechanism I propose is

691
00:30:43,310 --> 00:30:40,320
is this the tidal forces these are the

692
00:30:44,570 --> 00:30:43,320
forces that move uh Earth's oceans and

693
00:30:45,950 --> 00:30:44,580
it's kind of interesting after this

694
00:30:48,590 --> 00:30:45,960
paper came out

695
00:30:51,470 --> 00:30:48,600
um in in May it was around the same time

696
00:30:54,289 --> 00:30:51,480
I noticed a reference and um another

697
00:30:56,690 --> 00:30:54,299
group of researchers had proposed the

698
00:30:58,669 --> 00:30:56,700
idea that uh plate tectonics actually

699
00:31:01,130 --> 00:30:58,679
might be driven by

700
00:31:02,870 --> 00:31:01,140
um uh Earth Sun Moon tidal courses as

701
00:31:05,090 --> 00:31:02,880
well

702
00:31:07,669 --> 00:31:05,100
um and it's also been

703
00:31:10,130 --> 00:31:07,679
um thought to be a factor in earthquakes

704
00:31:11,210 --> 00:31:10,140
in certain types of earthquakes

705
00:31:13,610 --> 00:31:11,220
um

706
00:31:16,669 --> 00:31:13,620
so what I'm proposing here is that

707
00:31:19,430 --> 00:31:16,679
during periods of of a geometric

708
00:31:21,409 --> 00:31:19,440
magnetic reversals where the crust

709
00:31:24,769 --> 00:31:21,419
becomes unlocked from the mantle the

710
00:31:27,289 --> 00:31:24,779
moon would pull on the crust just in the

711
00:31:29,330 --> 00:31:27,299
same way it pulls on the oceans

712
00:31:31,490 --> 00:31:29,340
um but obviously being more massive it

713
00:31:32,810 --> 00:31:31,500
would take place over a much you know

714
00:31:34,310 --> 00:31:32,820
longer period of time much more

715
00:31:35,570 --> 00:31:34,320
gradually

716
00:31:37,669 --> 00:31:35,580
um so it wouldn't be an instantaneous

717
00:31:38,269 --> 00:31:37,679
event but over time

718
00:31:41,210 --> 00:31:38,279
um

719
00:31:42,350 --> 00:31:41,220
you know with enough uh you know given

720
00:31:46,130 --> 00:31:42,360
enough time

721
00:31:49,370 --> 00:31:46,140
uh if the friction were reduced uh

722
00:31:52,250 --> 00:31:49,380
between the mantle encrust to a point to

723
00:31:54,590 --> 00:31:52,260
allow the forces to overcome that then

724
00:31:55,669 --> 00:31:54,600
we could begin to see a movement of the

725
00:31:58,370 --> 00:31:55,679
crust

726
00:31:59,930 --> 00:31:58,380
um by the moon

727
00:32:05,510 --> 00:31:59,940
now

728
00:32:06,590 --> 00:32:05,520
perhaps a little far-fetched

729
00:32:10,490 --> 00:32:06,600
um

730
00:32:12,470 --> 00:32:10,500
let me let me just take a step back and

731
00:32:13,370 --> 00:32:12,480
uh because this has gotten a it's a

732
00:32:17,110 --> 00:32:13,380
little

733
00:32:20,930 --> 00:32:17,120
speculative but what we can do is

734
00:32:23,930 --> 00:32:20,940
create a simulation of of what would

735
00:32:26,090 --> 00:32:23,940
happen using um using a model of the

736
00:32:28,789 --> 00:32:26,100
Earth's crust it's a crust one zero

737
00:32:31,010 --> 00:32:28,799
model 1.0 model

738
00:32:33,710 --> 00:32:31,020
um that uh

739
00:32:36,470 --> 00:32:33,720
represents the thickness and density of

740
00:32:38,409 --> 00:32:36,480
the crust and we from that we could

741
00:32:41,269 --> 00:32:38,419
actually compute the moments of inertia

742
00:32:43,190 --> 00:32:41,279
so this is of the crust not not the

743
00:32:46,070 --> 00:32:43,200
whole Earth but just of the crust

744
00:32:49,070 --> 00:32:46,080
and we can do it with and without ice so

745
00:32:52,430 --> 00:32:49,080
we can look at the amount of ice pack at

746
00:32:54,470 --> 00:32:52,440
the time of the lgm and uh and see you

747
00:32:56,570 --> 00:32:54,480
know how that affects the moments of

748
00:33:00,110 --> 00:32:56,580
inertia if we do that

749
00:33:02,990 --> 00:33:00,120
we find without ice we have What's

750
00:33:06,169 --> 00:33:03,000
called the theoretical axis uh

751
00:33:08,570 --> 00:33:06,179
uh theoretical rotational axis being

752
00:33:11,690 --> 00:33:08,580
located at um

753
00:33:15,289 --> 00:33:11,700
at a latitude of one by one degree North

754
00:33:18,590 --> 00:33:15,299
and 18 plus degrees west

755
00:33:21,049 --> 00:33:18,600
this is like practically on the equator

756
00:33:24,169 --> 00:33:21,059
so that's without ice with with ice it's

757
00:33:27,710 --> 00:33:24,179
it's about the same it only changes um

758
00:33:28,250 --> 00:33:27,720
about about 20 kilometers

759
00:33:30,769 --> 00:33:28,260
um

760
00:33:33,110 --> 00:33:30,779
what's interesting is that this is not

761
00:33:34,789 --> 00:33:33,120
the theoretical axis rotation of the

762
00:33:37,490 --> 00:33:34,799
earth you know the rotational axis of

763
00:33:38,990 --> 00:33:37,500
the earth is is is is 90 degrees away

764
00:33:42,350 --> 00:33:39,000
it's the you know roughly in the polar

765
00:33:44,690 --> 00:33:42,360
regions this tra

766
00:33:47,029 --> 00:33:44,700
um theoretical rotational axis is near

767
00:33:49,310 --> 00:33:47,039
the equator

768
00:33:53,570 --> 00:33:52,130
and so if we plot it

769
00:33:55,310 --> 00:33:53,580
um

770
00:33:57,289 --> 00:33:55,320
and these are the dotted lines or the

771
00:33:59,029 --> 00:33:57,299
zones of the tropics

772
00:34:00,950 --> 00:33:59,039
we see it you know it's very close to

773
00:34:04,909 --> 00:34:00,960
the equator

774
00:34:08,329 --> 00:34:04,919
we could plot the tra's relative to the

775
00:34:12,290 --> 00:34:08,339
to the other poles for Hudson Bay

776
00:34:14,149 --> 00:34:12,300
and the Norwegian sea and Greenland and

777
00:34:16,970 --> 00:34:14,159
Bering Sea

778
00:34:19,310 --> 00:34:16,980
and they all are roughly

779
00:34:22,129 --> 00:34:19,320
within the zone of the tropics

780
00:34:24,889 --> 00:34:22,139
now what's interesting about this is the

781
00:34:28,669 --> 00:34:24,899
zone of the tropics is

782
00:34:31,070 --> 00:34:28,679
the direction within which tidal forces

783
00:34:35,329 --> 00:34:31,080
you know act directly this you know the

784
00:34:38,389 --> 00:34:35,339
the ecliptic uh the line along which the

785
00:34:40,070 --> 00:34:38,399
moon and the sun planets move but we're

786
00:34:40,790 --> 00:34:40,080
concerned mainly with the Sun and the

787
00:34:43,490 --> 00:34:40,800
Moon

788
00:34:46,550 --> 00:34:43,500
uh they have they're they're confined in

789
00:34:52,010 --> 00:34:46,560
this region so this suggests that if

790
00:34:54,109 --> 00:34:52,020
they were at play they were uh torquing

791
00:34:56,389 --> 00:34:54,119
um creating tidal forces that were

792
00:34:58,970 --> 00:34:56,399
pulling on the earth they would act in

793
00:35:00,530 --> 00:34:58,980
this area and their influence would be

794
00:35:01,730 --> 00:35:00,540
limited to this part of the earth so

795
00:35:03,770 --> 00:35:01,740
they wouldn't you wouldn't expect them

796
00:35:05,990 --> 00:35:03,780
to be able to jerk

797
00:35:08,329 --> 00:35:06,000
um you know the crust way up here or way

798
00:35:11,210 --> 00:35:08,339
down there and in fact that's that's

799
00:35:13,250 --> 00:35:11,220
sort of what we see here

800
00:35:16,490 --> 00:35:13,260
so

801
00:35:17,030 --> 00:35:16,500
um again this is this this data

802
00:35:19,550 --> 00:35:17,040
um

803
00:35:20,870 --> 00:35:19,560
are very preliminary

804
00:35:29,329 --> 00:35:20,880
uh

805
00:35:30,050 --> 00:35:29,339
suggest a new Direction in in research

806
00:35:32,950 --> 00:35:30,060
um

807
00:35:37,430 --> 00:35:32,960
uh to at least suggest the possibility

808
00:35:38,810 --> 00:35:37,440
that we haven't really been looking uh

809
00:35:41,569 --> 00:35:38,820
we haven't covered the bases there's

810
00:35:43,370 --> 00:35:41,579
some other possibilities and we you know

811
00:35:46,310 --> 00:35:43,380
we shouldn't rule out pretzel

812
00:35:51,190 --> 00:35:46,320
displacement Theory uh it's still uh

813
00:35:54,770 --> 00:35:51,200
should be considered a a possible

814
00:35:57,950 --> 00:35:54,780
phenomenon and perhaps even as I've

815
00:36:00,950 --> 00:35:57,960
shown here A A A plausible explanation

816
00:36:03,650 --> 00:36:00,960
for for climate change in in the ice

817
00:36:06,470 --> 00:36:04,670
um

818
00:36:09,710 --> 00:36:06,480
so what I'm suggesting is you know if

819
00:36:11,390 --> 00:36:09,720
this is the the current theory uh of

820
00:36:13,370 --> 00:36:11,400
climate change

821
00:36:14,870 --> 00:36:13,380
by adding in what we've talked about

822
00:36:16,250 --> 00:36:14,880
here

823
00:36:19,069 --> 00:36:16,260
um

824
00:36:21,950 --> 00:36:19,079
we don't know what causes geomagnetic

825
00:36:25,430 --> 00:36:21,960
excursions uh there's been there's a lot

826
00:36:28,250 --> 00:36:25,440
of speculation a lot of theories but uh

827
00:36:31,430 --> 00:36:28,260
if these do in fact unlock the crust and

828
00:36:34,010 --> 00:36:31,440
then tidal forces are able to displace

829
00:36:36,290 --> 00:36:34,020
the crust this could be the non-linear

830
00:36:39,650 --> 00:36:36,300
factor that really together with

831
00:36:42,530 --> 00:36:39,660
insulation explains uh temperature sea

832
00:36:46,550 --> 00:36:42,540
level and and polar ice

833
00:36:49,069 --> 00:36:46,560
so it you know in summary

834
00:36:51,890 --> 00:36:49,079
Hopkins Theory uh

835
00:36:53,569 --> 00:36:51,900
maybe the list the The Missing Link and

836
00:36:55,310 --> 00:36:53,579
not understanding long-term climate

837
00:36:58,609 --> 00:36:55,320
change which is what half could set out

838
00:37:01,310 --> 00:36:58,619
to do but in my interest uh what I

839
00:37:03,349 --> 00:37:01,320
started talking about up front was the

840
00:37:05,930 --> 00:37:03,359
rise and fall of past civilizations and

841
00:37:10,550 --> 00:37:05,940
this was really the motivation behind

842
00:37:14,030 --> 00:37:10,560
how I got interested in in it and um and

843
00:37:16,130 --> 00:37:14,040
sort of what what led me to to

844
00:37:19,730 --> 00:37:16,140
to try to figure it out no one else

845
00:37:21,829 --> 00:37:19,740
after having published these papers on

846
00:37:23,630 --> 00:37:21,839
the pole shift hypothesis and the

847
00:37:25,790 --> 00:37:23,640
shifted pole model and looking at

848
00:37:28,130 --> 00:37:25,800
archaeological sites I was hoping

849
00:37:30,410 --> 00:37:28,140
someone would come along and and come up

850
00:37:32,810 --> 00:37:30,420
with some you know new version of hap

851
00:37:36,109 --> 00:37:32,820
Goods Theory hapco 2.0 which is what I

852
00:37:41,150 --> 00:37:36,119
called it no one had so in the meantime

853
00:37:42,950 --> 00:37:41,160
uh this uh this is my uh attempt to at

854
00:37:44,930 --> 00:37:42,960
least get the ball rolling

855
00:37:47,450 --> 00:37:44,940
um to the extent that an electrical

856
00:37:49,430 --> 00:37:47,460
engineer can do so but you know I think

857
00:37:51,410 --> 00:37:49,440
the the understanding uh you know

858
00:37:53,450 --> 00:37:51,420
basically the correlations are there

859
00:37:56,930 --> 00:37:53,460
whether you know we actually have

860
00:37:59,030 --> 00:37:56,940
causation and whether this uh can stand

861
00:38:01,550 --> 00:37:59,040
up to physical theories

862
00:38:04,010 --> 00:38:01,560
um physical models of more detailed

863
00:38:07,069 --> 00:38:04,020
models of the crust and and magnetism

864
00:38:10,010 --> 00:38:07,079
and Earth changes and so forth uh really

865
00:38:12,829 --> 00:38:10,020
I leave that up to the experts but uh in

866
00:38:15,349 --> 00:38:12,839
all humility I I offer this up as an

867
00:38:17,329 --> 00:38:15,359
attempt to get uh to get us out of uh

868
00:38:19,670 --> 00:38:17,339
what appears to be a dead end we just

869
00:38:23,030 --> 00:38:19,680
don't seem to understand climate change

870
00:38:26,630 --> 00:38:23,040
and we don't seem to understand uh how

871
00:38:29,170 --> 00:38:26,640
our civilization uh has gotten here

872
00:38:32,569 --> 00:38:29,180
um there are many enigmas that

873
00:38:34,069 --> 00:38:32,579
we're kind of stuck and uh this is

874
00:38:36,710 --> 00:38:34,079
perhaps a new direction that we can move

875
00:38:51,970 --> 00:38:36,720
in so I thank you for your time and I

876
00:38:56,690 --> 00:38:54,230
thank you Mark I'm trying to see how we

877
00:38:59,089 --> 00:38:56,700
can make your screen

878
00:39:01,670 --> 00:38:59,099
full size here

879
00:39:04,370 --> 00:39:01,680
um there we go I don't know how that

880
00:39:09,370 --> 00:39:04,380
happened all right uh very interesting

881
00:39:11,750 --> 00:39:09,380
talk and um I'd like to remind our uh

882
00:39:13,550 --> 00:39:11,760
participants here that

883
00:39:15,530 --> 00:39:13,560
um if you have questions please type

884
00:39:17,030 --> 00:39:15,540
them in the Q a box not in the chat

885
00:39:18,890 --> 00:39:17,040
window

886
00:39:20,270 --> 00:39:18,900
um and then we're going to start to

887
00:39:23,390 --> 00:39:20,280
address the questions here we already

888
00:39:25,490 --> 00:39:23,400
have a couple so if you're ready we'll

889
00:39:28,790 --> 00:39:25,500
Dive Right In

890
00:39:30,829 --> 00:39:28,800
good okay so uh this question actually

891
00:39:33,710 --> 00:39:30,839
came from a YouTube viewer who was

892
00:39:36,230 --> 00:39:33,720
watching this live stream on YouTube uh

893
00:39:38,270 --> 00:39:36,240
could you elaborate on the increase in

894
00:39:43,089 --> 00:39:38,280
title bulge at the equatorial regions

895
00:39:47,450 --> 00:39:46,190
so this is a question on uh this is this

896
00:39:50,930 --> 00:39:47,460
is more of a

897
00:39:51,770 --> 00:39:50,940
quantitative uh sort of question

898
00:39:54,349 --> 00:39:51,780
um

899
00:39:55,190 --> 00:39:54,359
and I don't I don't know the answer to

900
00:39:58,550 --> 00:39:55,200
that

901
00:40:00,890 --> 00:39:58,560
um what I'm suggesting not so much in

902
00:40:03,230 --> 00:40:00,900
terms of magnitudes but sort of just

903
00:40:05,690 --> 00:40:03,240
just general a general phenomenon that

904
00:40:08,089 --> 00:40:05,700
that could occur I I think you're going

905
00:40:11,210 --> 00:40:08,099
to require and I assume by title but

906
00:40:14,089 --> 00:40:11,220
this would be a bulge of the crust

907
00:40:17,150 --> 00:40:14,099
um and uh you know I don't I don't have

908
00:40:19,310 --> 00:40:17,160
those models available

909
00:40:22,370 --> 00:40:19,320
um this is uh you know again I appeal to

910
00:40:23,750 --> 00:40:22,380
uh to the geoscientists out there and

911
00:40:26,690 --> 00:40:23,760
the physicists

912
00:40:30,170 --> 00:40:26,700
um that um that could you know write a

913
00:40:32,390 --> 00:40:30,180
finite element uh simulation and and do

914
00:40:34,310 --> 00:40:32,400
these computations it's sort of Beyond

915
00:40:37,010 --> 00:40:34,320
um what I'm able to do right now so I do

916
00:40:38,569 --> 00:40:37,020
not know what the extent of that bulge

917
00:40:40,730 --> 00:40:38,579
would be

918
00:40:43,609 --> 00:40:40,740
um I would I would expect it's you know

919
00:40:46,069 --> 00:40:43,619
it's it's it's certainly going to be uh

920
00:40:49,750 --> 00:40:46,079
much smaller than you find you know the

921
00:40:53,450 --> 00:40:49,760
the ocean uh the oceans uh high low tide

922
00:40:56,390 --> 00:40:53,460
uh berries uh by a considerable degree

923
00:40:58,250 --> 00:40:56,400
this would be much smaller and uh and

924
00:41:01,490 --> 00:40:58,260
again as I indicated

925
00:41:04,010 --> 00:41:01,500
um in in the talk in the paper the uh

926
00:41:06,170 --> 00:41:04,020
the effect would be uh a much smaller

927
00:41:08,870 --> 00:41:06,180
force over a much longer period of time

928
00:41:11,210 --> 00:41:08,880
so uh given you know you could overcome

929
00:41:13,670 --> 00:41:11,220
that initial friction

930
00:41:16,910 --> 00:41:13,680
um you can could move it slowly ever so

931
00:41:19,130 --> 00:41:16,920
slowly but over you know enough time it

932
00:41:20,930 --> 00:41:19,140
would there would be enough enough Force

933
00:41:23,210 --> 00:41:20,940
there's certainly enough energy there to

934
00:41:25,910 --> 00:41:23,220
do it whether or not it can overcome the

935
00:41:28,370 --> 00:41:25,920
the frictional force and and that

936
00:41:31,849 --> 00:41:28,380
depends on the degree to which the

937
00:41:33,349 --> 00:41:31,859
magnetic reversal would reduce the um

938
00:41:36,230 --> 00:41:33,359
the friction between the crust and the

939
00:41:37,670 --> 00:41:36,240
mantle and again that is these are these

940
00:41:40,310 --> 00:41:37,680
are ideas

941
00:41:42,290 --> 00:41:40,320
um uh the uh but but they're very

942
00:41:46,069 --> 00:41:42,300
they're very qualitative at this point

943
00:41:48,650 --> 00:41:46,079
so um if uh if the uh if the person

944
00:41:51,470 --> 00:41:48,660
asked the question has any ideas I'd be

945
00:41:53,329 --> 00:41:51,480
very interested to hear them

946
00:41:55,010 --> 00:41:53,339
wonderful thank you

947
00:41:57,349 --> 00:41:55,020
okay

948
00:41:59,510 --> 00:41:57,359
um all right we've got some more

949
00:42:01,130 --> 00:41:59,520
questions coming in and again reminding

950
00:42:03,109 --> 00:42:01,140
people to feel free to type them in or

951
00:42:05,569 --> 00:42:03,119
upvote the questions that you see in the

952
00:42:07,310 --> 00:42:05,579
window that you would especially like to

953
00:42:09,650 --> 00:42:07,320
see answered

954
00:42:11,569 --> 00:42:09,660
um uh Margaret Moga asks my

955
00:42:13,609 --> 00:42:11,579
understanding is the geomagnetic

956
00:42:16,550 --> 00:42:13,619
excursions are relatively slow but the

957
00:42:17,930 --> 00:42:16,560
full axis shifts can happen quickly is

958
00:42:20,329 --> 00:42:17,940
this true

959
00:42:23,150 --> 00:42:20,339
well you know I think I I don't think

960
00:42:26,510 --> 00:42:23,160
anyone really knows uh you know there's

961
00:42:28,609 --> 00:42:26,520
uh if you look up hapgood's Theory uh

962
00:42:31,550 --> 00:42:28,619
the Wikipedia entry comes up on

963
00:42:35,750 --> 00:42:31,560
catastrophic pole shift hypothesis and

964
00:42:37,670 --> 00:42:35,760
uh you know this uh uh this in in this

965
00:42:39,710 --> 00:42:37,680
hypothesis it's generally assumed that

966
00:42:42,470 --> 00:42:39,720
this is something that happens very

967
00:42:45,410 --> 00:42:42,480
quickly it's cataclysmic causes floods

968
00:42:47,750 --> 00:42:45,420
and uh things of that sort which uh you

969
00:42:48,950 --> 00:42:47,760
know which tie into myth and Legend

970
00:42:51,530 --> 00:42:48,960
um I mean there may be that connection

971
00:42:54,410 --> 00:42:51,540
who knows but I don't think we really

972
00:42:56,870 --> 00:42:54,420
know how quickly the polls under these

973
00:42:58,010 --> 00:42:56,880
circumstances could move we we do know

974
00:42:58,910 --> 00:42:58,020
that

975
00:43:02,510 --> 00:42:58,920
um

976
00:43:06,530 --> 00:43:02,520
uh in in the past there's been some very

977
00:43:08,270 --> 00:43:06,540
large changes in uh the Earth's uh poles

978
00:43:11,410 --> 00:43:08,280
based on

979
00:43:14,510 --> 00:43:11,420
um over millions of years using um

980
00:43:16,849 --> 00:43:14,520
paleomagnetic uh data to basically track

981
00:43:19,550 --> 00:43:16,859
uh you know as evidence for these these

982
00:43:21,770 --> 00:43:19,560
pole shifts and so they they they occur

983
00:43:23,930 --> 00:43:21,780
very slowly over you know time scales of

984
00:43:26,030 --> 00:43:23,940
millions of years

985
00:43:27,530 --> 00:43:26,040
um suggesting something probably you

986
00:43:30,170 --> 00:43:27,540
know well something obviously more

987
00:43:31,790 --> 00:43:30,180
quicker here on the order maybe uh

988
00:43:33,829 --> 00:43:31,800
hundreds or thousands of years you know

989
00:43:36,589 --> 00:43:33,839
looking at you know the last 130 000

990
00:43:38,210 --> 00:43:36,599
years if there's been five pole shifts

991
00:43:40,430 --> 00:43:38,220
you know um

992
00:43:42,109 --> 00:43:40,440
you know it's probably on the order of a

993
00:43:44,809 --> 00:43:42,119
hundred or a thousand years it can't be

994
00:43:46,490 --> 00:43:44,819
much longer than that but again the time

995
00:43:48,650 --> 00:43:46,500
constant on that it's going to have to

996
00:43:51,710 --> 00:43:48,660
do with the the friction and the amount

997
00:43:53,210 --> 00:43:51,720
of force and uh it's probably possible

998
00:43:55,250 --> 00:43:53,220
to calculate it

999
00:43:58,430 --> 00:43:55,260
um but I don't know the answer again

1000
00:44:01,010 --> 00:43:58,440
anyone that has uh anyone is interested

1001
00:44:03,589 --> 00:44:01,020
in in joining in on this research I I I

1002
00:44:06,530 --> 00:44:03,599
I invite them and I encourage them

1003
00:44:10,130 --> 00:44:06,540
because uh it's uh you know I I think

1004
00:44:12,230 --> 00:44:10,140
there are like this crust 1.0 model

1005
00:44:14,630 --> 00:44:12,240
that's available out there this is

1006
00:44:16,550 --> 00:44:14,640
something Einstein didn't have you know

1007
00:44:18,589 --> 00:44:16,560
his his calculations were back the

1008
00:44:20,930 --> 00:44:18,599
envelope now we can actually simulate

1009
00:44:23,150 --> 00:44:20,940
and compute moments of inertia and we

1010
00:44:25,130 --> 00:44:23,160
can you can do a lot of hypothesizing

1011
00:44:28,250 --> 00:44:25,140
and a lot of testing so you know I think

1012
00:44:30,230 --> 00:44:28,260
the uh the data and the tools are there

1013
00:44:31,970 --> 00:44:30,240
um I think people just have to do it and

1014
00:44:33,650 --> 00:44:31,980
people that have the expertise to take

1015
00:44:36,770 --> 00:44:33,660
it you know to the next level

1016
00:44:38,809 --> 00:44:36,780
so thanks Margaret for your question

1017
00:44:41,390 --> 00:44:38,819
great

1018
00:44:43,970 --> 00:44:41,400
all right a question from uh John

1019
00:44:46,970 --> 00:44:43,980
McDonough could a gigantic hall effect

1020
00:44:49,730 --> 00:44:46,980
cause the volcanic eruptions after a

1021
00:44:51,770 --> 00:44:49,740
geomagnetic quick change are they in the

1022
00:44:54,349 --> 00:44:51,780
right place

1023
00:44:56,270 --> 00:44:54,359
uh John you know

1024
00:44:57,829 --> 00:44:56,280
I don't know uh about that I was

1025
00:44:59,690 --> 00:44:57,839
thinking of it more in terms of a

1026
00:45:00,430 --> 00:44:59,700
geological

1027
00:45:03,349 --> 00:45:00,440
um

1028
00:45:05,390 --> 00:45:03,359
uh you know sort of the effect of the of

1029
00:45:07,550 --> 00:45:05,400
the crust moving over the mantle you

1030
00:45:08,870 --> 00:45:07,560
know there's these mantle plumes and

1031
00:45:11,870 --> 00:45:08,880
there's a lot of stuff going on under

1032
00:45:15,650 --> 00:45:11,880
the crust that uh you know we're under

1033
00:45:17,930 --> 00:45:15,660
uh where volcanoes are and uh and uh in

1034
00:45:20,329 --> 00:45:17,940
hot spots and so forth

1035
00:45:22,430 --> 00:45:20,339
um and so if the crust does start moving

1036
00:45:24,770 --> 00:45:22,440
and and these you know faults start

1037
00:45:27,829 --> 00:45:24,780
shifting you know this could be a reason

1038
00:45:30,530 --> 00:45:27,839
why uh in places where the crust is

1039
00:45:33,530 --> 00:45:30,540
weaker uh the mag you know the Magnus

1040
00:45:36,349 --> 00:45:33,540
you know comes up and and uh creates new

1041
00:45:38,270 --> 00:45:36,359
volcanoes or or causes old ones to

1042
00:45:39,170 --> 00:45:38,280
re-erupt I don't know

1043
00:45:41,569 --> 00:45:39,180
um

1044
00:45:44,030 --> 00:45:41,579
again that's uh that's that's a little

1045
00:45:46,609 --> 00:45:44,040
bit beyond my uh area of expertise but

1046
00:45:49,190 --> 00:45:46,619
uh if you have any ideas on on how that

1047
00:45:53,510 --> 00:45:49,200
could happen again I I'd be very

1048
00:46:00,050 --> 00:45:56,770
great let's see here uh

1049
00:46:06,349 --> 00:46:02,750
um a question from one of the Facebook

1050
00:46:07,849 --> 00:46:06,359
viewers uh has anyone considered that

1051
00:46:10,970 --> 00:46:07,859
there may be two different types of

1052
00:46:13,430 --> 00:46:10,980
Torah excuse me in the Earth's magnetic

1053
00:46:16,010 --> 00:46:13,440
magnetosphere a traditional donut shape

1054
00:46:22,849 --> 00:46:16,020
and another Globe shaped Taurus which

1055
00:46:26,150 --> 00:46:24,470
um and it looks like there's some

1056
00:46:28,430 --> 00:46:26,160
additional stuff from that same person

1057
00:46:32,930 --> 00:46:28,440
the globe shaped Taurus could flip while

1058
00:46:32,940 --> 00:46:35,030
um

1059
00:46:39,109 --> 00:46:37,309
yeah yeah you know this this might be

1060
00:46:41,390 --> 00:46:39,119
sort of a second order thing I'm I'm

1061
00:46:43,490 --> 00:46:41,400
just I'm I'm kind of looking at more

1062
00:46:47,329 --> 00:46:43,500
sort of first order back of the envelope

1063
00:46:49,970 --> 00:46:47,339
uh mechanisms that you know established

1064
00:46:53,030 --> 00:46:49,980
that established plausibility you know

1065
00:46:54,770 --> 00:46:53,040
our our forces you know within an order

1066
00:46:56,450 --> 00:46:54,780
of magnitude

1067
00:46:59,030 --> 00:46:56,460
um you know sufficient for things to

1068
00:47:01,370 --> 00:46:59,040
happen without really thinking too much

1069
00:47:02,930 --> 00:47:01,380
about the specifics about how they might

1070
00:47:07,430 --> 00:47:02,940
happen

1071
00:47:08,870 --> 00:47:07,440
again I I'm deflecting a lot of these

1072
00:47:11,690 --> 00:47:08,880
questions because these are really kind

1073
00:47:13,130 --> 00:47:11,700
of outside the scope of you know what

1074
00:47:15,410 --> 00:47:13,140
I've thought about and what's in the

1075
00:47:16,970 --> 00:47:15,420
paper but uh certainly things that would

1076
00:47:20,150 --> 00:47:16,980
you know you'd want to be thinking about

1077
00:47:22,069 --> 00:47:20,160
but I haven't done so thank you

1078
00:47:25,190 --> 00:47:22,079
okay

1079
00:47:27,890 --> 00:47:25,200
another question from uh one of our

1080
00:47:30,170 --> 00:47:27,900
YouTube viewers was Britain sitting near

1081
00:47:32,870 --> 00:47:30,180
the equator several thousand years ago

1082
00:47:36,710 --> 00:47:32,880
and can we tell how the land mass is

1083
00:47:38,630 --> 00:47:36,720
shifted as a whole or independently

1084
00:47:40,510 --> 00:47:38,640
thank you for that question this is a

1085
00:47:43,970 --> 00:47:40,520
question I can answer

1086
00:47:46,970 --> 00:47:43,980
so uh you know my main air of Interest

1087
00:47:49,069 --> 00:47:46,980
here is is in um is the connection

1088
00:47:49,609 --> 00:47:49,079
between pole ships

1089
00:47:51,710 --> 00:47:49,619
um

1090
00:47:52,849 --> 00:47:51,720
previous locations the North Pole and

1091
00:47:55,490 --> 00:47:52,859
previous

1092
00:47:56,210 --> 00:47:55,500
uh if you will World ages

1093
00:47:58,849 --> 00:47:56,220
um

1094
00:48:01,750 --> 00:47:58,859
you know my hypothesis in the shifted

1095
00:48:04,790 --> 00:48:01,760
pole hypothesis paper published in 2020

1096
00:48:07,670 --> 00:48:04,800
is that the sites that are built in

1097
00:48:10,010 --> 00:48:07,680
alignment to these older polls uh were

1098
00:48:13,970 --> 00:48:10,020
built tens of thousands of years ago so

1099
00:48:15,950 --> 00:48:13,980
a site like um like ball back in

1100
00:48:22,730 --> 00:48:15,960
in Jordan

1101
00:48:26,210 --> 00:48:22,740
you know it's it's well known to be on

1102
00:48:29,990 --> 00:48:26,220
Ancient foundations and uh based on this

1103
00:48:32,870 --> 00:48:30,000
model could be 75 230 000 years old

1104
00:48:35,930 --> 00:48:32,880
so you know this is this is sort of the

1105
00:48:38,630 --> 00:48:35,940
motivation for me uh I teamed up with uh

1106
00:48:41,630 --> 00:48:38,640
an environmentalist who was able to uh

1107
00:48:44,390 --> 00:48:41,640
identify a lot of uh a lot of older

1108
00:48:47,210 --> 00:48:44,400
papers that and and so getting to uh

1109
00:48:49,490 --> 00:48:47,220
this question here the paper that Mark

1110
00:48:53,030 --> 00:48:49,500
uh or papers Mark found had to do with

1111
00:48:55,910 --> 00:48:53,040
these um uh mammal assemblage zones in

1112
00:48:58,550 --> 00:48:55,920
Britain and uh yes an answer so the

1113
00:49:03,349 --> 00:48:58,560
short answer to this question is yes

1114
00:49:06,109 --> 00:49:03,359
um uh about 130 000 years ago uh the uh

1115
00:49:09,530 --> 00:49:06,119
dated uh bones and these bone caves

1116
00:49:12,470 --> 00:49:09,540
suggest that Britain was in fact uh

1117
00:49:14,930 --> 00:49:12,480
within a subtropical zone so you know

1118
00:49:17,630 --> 00:49:14,940
that's that's probably 20 you know plus

1119
00:49:21,349 --> 00:49:17,640
minus 20 degrees away from the equator

1120
00:49:24,050 --> 00:49:21,359
so not several thousand years ago but

1121
00:49:26,510 --> 00:49:24,060
um 130 000 years ago and this was the

1122
00:49:29,930 --> 00:49:26,520
time when the North Pole hypothesized

1123
00:49:31,730 --> 00:49:29,940
was in the Bering Sea so the North Pole

1124
00:49:34,250 --> 00:49:31,740
at that location you go to Google Earth

1125
00:49:37,309 --> 00:49:34,260
and you take your your ruler tool

1126
00:49:38,410 --> 00:49:37,319
you'll find that uh Britain was about 70

1127
00:49:42,470 --> 00:49:38,420
degrees

1128
00:49:45,470 --> 00:49:42,480
away from uh the Bering Sea at that time

1129
00:49:48,650 --> 00:49:45,480
therefore thereby placing it in the

1130
00:49:50,809 --> 00:49:48,660
subtropical Zone and so yes based on the

1131
00:49:54,950 --> 00:49:50,819
animal data

1132
00:49:58,550 --> 00:49:54,960
that's in the uh and the dated um uh and

1133
00:50:01,130 --> 00:49:58,560
the dating that uh Mark used the uh the

1134
00:50:03,530 --> 00:50:01,140
uh

1135
00:50:06,609 --> 00:50:03,540
these the cave that that particular cave

1136
00:50:09,530 --> 00:50:06,619
joint mittner was dated to be uh the

1137
00:50:13,309 --> 00:50:09,540
bosses in that camera are did to be a

1138
00:50:16,190 --> 00:50:13,319
hundred thousand 130 000 plus years ago

1139
00:50:17,690 --> 00:50:16,200
um and so yes at that time Britain was

1140
00:50:22,130 --> 00:50:17,700
pretty close to the equator a lot closer

1141
00:50:25,849 --> 00:50:24,589
I do

1142
00:50:31,550 --> 00:50:25,859
um

1143
00:50:35,270 --> 00:50:31,560
much specifically about the details of a

1144
00:50:37,609 --> 00:50:35,280
particular aspect of your uh talk but it

1145
00:50:40,670 --> 00:50:37,619
a broader question and that is all is of

1146
00:50:42,589 --> 00:50:40,680
interest to me on these talks where the

1147
00:50:45,589 --> 00:50:42,599
society for scientific exploration and

1148
00:50:47,150 --> 00:50:45,599
we often have speakers talking about

1149
00:50:49,849 --> 00:50:47,160
things that are anomalous in terms of

1150
00:50:52,030 --> 00:50:49,859
mainstream science so I guess my

1151
00:50:53,930 --> 00:50:52,040
question for you is uh what if any

1152
00:50:55,549 --> 00:50:53,940
response have you had from the

1153
00:50:57,829 --> 00:50:55,559
mainstream scientists you talk about

1154
00:51:01,130 --> 00:50:57,839
interest in maybe

1155
00:51:02,809 --> 00:51:01,140
um encouraging uh geologists to

1156
00:51:05,930 --> 00:51:02,819
geoscientists to take a look at this

1157
00:51:09,170 --> 00:51:05,940
have you had any response or and if so

1158
00:51:11,450 --> 00:51:09,180
what what is your primary critique of

1159
00:51:14,329 --> 00:51:11,460
why they think this may not be an

1160
00:51:15,710 --> 00:51:14,339
appropriate model

1161
00:51:19,010 --> 00:51:15,720
well

1162
00:51:20,870 --> 00:51:19,020
it for the most part it's been crickets

1163
00:51:25,089 --> 00:51:20,880
uh I'll be honest

1164
00:51:28,670 --> 00:51:25,099
um but I have had a few um a few emails

1165
00:51:29,450 --> 00:51:28,680
uh through like researchgate and and

1166
00:51:30,770 --> 00:51:29,460
um

1167
00:51:33,770 --> 00:51:30,780
I don't think anything's come through

1168
00:51:36,530 --> 00:51:33,780
the Journal of scientific exploration uh

1169
00:51:39,170 --> 00:51:36,540
that I'm aware but um

1170
00:51:42,049 --> 00:51:39,180
uh one actually one physicist up in

1171
00:51:45,109 --> 00:51:42,059
Canada uh pointed me to a paper that he

1172
00:51:46,670 --> 00:51:45,119
had written a few years back doing the

1173
00:51:49,730 --> 00:51:46,680
mathematics of

1174
00:51:52,430 --> 00:51:49,740
of whether it was possible for an

1175
00:51:55,069 --> 00:51:52,440
asteroid hitting Earth obliquely to

1176
00:51:58,130 --> 00:51:55,079
displace the crust and you know what the

1177
00:52:00,950 --> 00:51:58,140
uh what the effect of that would be so

1178
00:52:02,990 --> 00:52:00,960
he actually did a you know first order

1179
00:52:04,370 --> 00:52:03,000
back of the envelope a little bit more

1180
00:52:06,230 --> 00:52:04,380
detail than that

1181
00:52:08,150 --> 00:52:06,240
but uh you know looking at sort of

1182
00:52:10,910 --> 00:52:08,160
what's how much what's the weight of the

1183
00:52:13,730 --> 00:52:10,920
crust how much force would be in this uh

1184
00:52:15,230 --> 00:52:13,740
imparted by the asteroid and what you

1185
00:52:16,970 --> 00:52:15,240
know how would it move would it move the

1186
00:52:18,349 --> 00:52:16,980
crust how far would it move it how long

1187
00:52:20,210 --> 00:52:18,359
you know what would the time constants

1188
00:52:23,210 --> 00:52:20,220
be so

1189
00:52:24,710 --> 00:52:23,220
um this paper and I and I uh I don't

1190
00:52:27,650 --> 00:52:24,720
have it at my fingertips I probably

1191
00:52:29,270 --> 00:52:27,660
should have grabbed it uh to cite it but

1192
00:52:31,370 --> 00:52:29,280
um and it's not signed into my paper

1193
00:52:33,950 --> 00:52:31,380
because I wasn't aware of it

1194
00:52:37,250 --> 00:52:33,960
um is is exactly I think the next step

1195
00:52:40,549 --> 00:52:37,260
that uh needs to be taken to sort of

1196
00:52:42,589 --> 00:52:40,559
at least establish plausibility right

1197
00:52:44,690 --> 00:52:42,599
um that's all we can really do because

1198
00:52:46,549 --> 00:52:44,700
uh you know it's these are these are

1199
00:52:48,770 --> 00:52:46,559
like you kind of when you're a

1200
00:52:51,829 --> 00:52:48,780
generalist uh there's this is the danger

1201
00:52:54,230 --> 00:52:51,839
of you know oversimplifying but if

1202
00:52:57,290 --> 00:52:54,240
you're if you're an expert in your

1203
00:52:58,670 --> 00:52:57,300
particular area of expertise you're

1204
00:53:01,430 --> 00:52:58,680
generally not going to venture outside

1205
00:53:03,230 --> 00:53:01,440
of that so it's it's it's a very it's a

1206
00:53:05,630 --> 00:53:03,240
challenging um

1207
00:53:07,370 --> 00:53:05,640
challenging challenging situation so I

1208
00:53:09,349 --> 00:53:07,380
think like I said I sort of put it out

1209
00:53:13,790 --> 00:53:09,359
there as this is the first step in

1210
00:53:17,030 --> 00:53:13,800
suggesting uh Direction ago and uh you

1211
00:53:19,010 --> 00:53:17,040
know uh I I've had some in history to

1212
00:53:21,109 --> 00:53:19,020
your question mark I've had a little bit

1213
00:53:23,450 --> 00:53:21,119
of feedback nothing nothing negative

1214
00:53:25,790 --> 00:53:23,460
because you know at the end of the paper

1215
00:53:27,049 --> 00:53:25,800
I really do say hey look I know there's

1216
00:53:30,049 --> 00:53:27,059
been a number of problems with this

1217
00:53:32,150 --> 00:53:30,059
let's go through them and uh you know

1218
00:53:33,950 --> 00:53:32,160
and I and I think they can be pretty

1219
00:53:36,530 --> 00:53:33,960
much uh discounted

1220
00:53:38,450 --> 00:53:36,540
um unless you're a die-hard if you're a

1221
00:53:39,770 --> 00:53:38,460
die-hard skeptic

1222
00:53:41,809 --> 00:53:39,780
um you're always going to find something

1223
00:53:43,549 --> 00:53:41,819
but if you're open-minded I think

1224
00:53:44,990 --> 00:53:43,559
there's enough here to say hey look

1225
00:53:46,790 --> 00:53:45,000
there there might actually be a

1226
00:53:49,910 --> 00:53:46,800
possibility and let's see if we can take

1227
00:53:52,549 --> 00:53:49,920
it a a step further so it's kind of

1228
00:53:55,670 --> 00:53:52,559
where I feel you know I'm at right now

1229
00:53:57,170 --> 00:53:55,680
well then you're not I mean at least as

1230
00:53:59,390 --> 00:53:57,180
you've presented it here you're looking

1231
00:54:00,829 --> 00:53:59,400
you're trying to hypothesize potential

1232
00:54:03,349 --> 00:54:00,839
mechanisms

1233
00:54:05,750 --> 00:54:03,359
you're not necessarily proposing that

1234
00:54:07,609 --> 00:54:05,760
to invalidate existing you know now that

1235
00:54:09,770 --> 00:54:07,619
Einstein is wrong kind of a thing here

1236
00:54:11,930 --> 00:54:09,780
right you're you're trying to find

1237
00:54:15,470 --> 00:54:11,940
existing mechanisms that would be

1238
00:54:17,030 --> 00:54:15,480
consistent with known uh models in

1239
00:54:18,710 --> 00:54:17,040
science that you're just trying to put

1240
00:54:20,870 --> 00:54:18,720
them together in ways that might explain

1241
00:54:21,890 --> 00:54:20,880
these data at least as I'm seeing what

1242
00:54:25,250 --> 00:54:21,900
you're talking yeah

1243
00:54:26,750 --> 00:54:25,260
well like you know the uh in the in the

1244
00:54:28,370 --> 00:54:26,760
appendix of the paper actually compute

1245
00:54:31,730 --> 00:54:28,380
the moments of inertia with and without

1246
00:54:32,870 --> 00:54:31,740
ice I I I I alluded to that in the in

1247
00:54:35,030 --> 00:54:32,880
the talk

1248
00:54:37,430 --> 00:54:35,040
and the math and all the details on how

1249
00:54:40,970 --> 00:54:37,440
I did that uh and it's you know it's

1250
00:54:42,890 --> 00:54:40,980
it's it's a it's a standard model uh

1251
00:54:46,130 --> 00:54:42,900
uh that's used and you know so I did you

1252
00:54:47,930 --> 00:54:46,140
know the finite element uh uh

1253
00:54:50,210 --> 00:54:47,940
calculations

1254
00:54:52,490 --> 00:54:50,220
and so forth then and actually the you

1255
00:54:54,410 --> 00:54:52,500
know what what I was able to show is

1256
00:54:56,870 --> 00:54:54,420
that the effect of the eyes

1257
00:54:58,790 --> 00:54:56,880
um is very small and so it really does

1258
00:54:59,870 --> 00:54:58,800
validate Einstein's

1259
00:55:02,690 --> 00:54:59,880
um

1260
00:55:05,030 --> 00:55:02,700
his his feelings at the time which I'm

1261
00:55:07,430 --> 00:55:05,040
sure he he had you know he knew roughly

1262
00:55:08,870 --> 00:55:07,440
with the mass of the Earth was and how

1263
00:55:11,990 --> 00:55:08,880
much ice would be involved and he

1264
00:55:14,750 --> 00:55:12,000
obviously did his his calculations and

1265
00:55:17,690 --> 00:55:14,760
so you know I I think uh using a little

1266
00:55:20,270 --> 00:55:17,700
bit more uh detailed model

1267
00:55:22,730 --> 00:55:20,280
um and uh and running the the

1268
00:55:25,670 --> 00:55:22,740
calculation through finding only at you

1269
00:55:27,950 --> 00:55:25,680
know 20 to 20 kilometer shift uh in the

1270
00:55:30,829 --> 00:55:27,960
theoretical rotational axis sort of says

1271
00:55:32,270 --> 00:55:30,839
yeah Einstein was right however

1272
00:55:34,549 --> 00:55:32,280
um he was talking about the crust being

1273
00:55:37,250 --> 00:55:34,559
locked to the mantle you know you know

1274
00:55:40,609 --> 00:55:37,260
floating on the on the um on this

1275
00:55:42,710 --> 00:55:40,619
plastic sort of layer uh between the

1276
00:55:45,049 --> 00:55:42,720
hard crust and the molten uh and the

1277
00:55:49,430 --> 00:55:45,059
molten core and um

1278
00:55:52,309 --> 00:55:49,440
what I'm proposing here is that by uh

1279
00:55:55,549 --> 00:55:52,319
with the geomagnetic reversal and having

1280
00:55:56,990 --> 00:55:55,559
this magnetic flip it might actually by

1281
00:55:59,270 --> 00:55:57,000
reducing the friction it's actually

1282
00:56:00,710 --> 00:55:59,280
changing the the rules of the game a

1283
00:56:02,030 --> 00:56:00,720
little bit and so it's a it's a

1284
00:56:04,670 --> 00:56:02,040
different problem than Einstein was

1285
00:56:07,790 --> 00:56:04,680
thinking about it's uh it's uh it's it's

1286
00:56:10,730 --> 00:56:07,800
the crossover on a very slippery mantle

1287
00:56:12,890 --> 00:56:10,740
and so okay so now how do you what are

1288
00:56:16,010 --> 00:56:12,900
the calculations now and forget about

1289
00:56:18,049 --> 00:56:16,020
the ice let's let's think about the moon

1290
00:56:19,910 --> 00:56:18,059
now because the moon obviously has an

1291
00:56:22,250 --> 00:56:19,920
effect on the tides

1292
00:56:24,890 --> 00:56:22,260
and I mean it's it's it's remarkable the

1293
00:56:27,349 --> 00:56:24,900
extent to which the moon moves water on

1294
00:56:30,170 --> 00:56:27,359
this planet so why not the crust if it

1295
00:56:32,270 --> 00:56:30,180
could move why not the crust

1296
00:56:33,950 --> 00:56:32,280
um so I think these are all within the

1297
00:56:36,290 --> 00:56:33,960
realm of possibility

1298
00:56:39,890 --> 00:56:36,300
under under the right you know the right

1299
00:56:41,870 --> 00:56:39,900
conditions sure sure

1300
00:56:44,210 --> 00:56:41,880
all right I'd like to

1301
00:56:45,290 --> 00:56:44,220
invite we have about three more minutes

1302
00:56:47,750 --> 00:56:45,300
left

1303
00:56:49,670 --> 00:56:47,760
um I see no more questions in the Q a if

1304
00:56:51,890 --> 00:56:49,680
someone has a question that's burning

1305
00:56:55,010 --> 00:56:51,900
please type it in quickly here and we'll

1306
00:56:57,710 --> 00:56:55,020
ask Mark to answer it and we'll give

1307
00:57:00,650 --> 00:56:57,720
another 30 seconds or so

1308
00:57:03,710 --> 00:57:00,660
um before uh to see if anyone has any

1309
00:57:05,329 --> 00:57:03,720
additional questions and then um at the

1310
00:57:07,430 --> 00:57:05,339
end of this session when we end the

1311
00:57:09,230 --> 00:57:07,440
session then we'll be going back out

1312
00:57:11,690 --> 00:57:09,240
into the social lounge and will you be

1313
00:57:13,490 --> 00:57:11,700
able to join uh one of the tables so

1314
00:57:15,410 --> 00:57:13,500
that people can have a face-to-face

1315
00:57:19,670 --> 00:57:15,420
conversation with you then sure happy to

1316
00:57:25,130 --> 00:57:22,430
all right well it's I'm not seeing any

1317
00:57:26,569 --> 00:57:25,140
other questions so

1318
00:57:29,809 --> 00:57:26,579
um with that I'd like to thank you very

1319
00:57:32,089 --> 00:57:29,819
much for a very interesting talk and

1320
00:57:33,530 --> 00:57:32,099
um we'll end the session and I see

1321
00:57:35,569 --> 00:57:33,540
several people are applauding virtually

1322
00:57:37,790 --> 00:57:35,579
and we'll allow them to talk to you in